人工智能技术在军事领域的应用思考Research on the Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Military Field
李博骁;张峰;李奇峰;郑明心;
摘要(Abstract):
在人工智能技术展现出汹涌澎湃发展趋势的当下,建设以智能技术武装的新型军队,打赢以信息化智能化为特征的新型战争,成为当前世界主要军事强国的优先发展目标。以“意志的屈服”、“不战而屈人之兵”为标志的“制智能权、制意识权”将成为未来军事斗争的最高级、最有效、最具震慑力的军事优势。文中从军事作战特点和人工智能的优势入手,分析军事领域对人工智能的需求。针对感知、指挥、打击、互联的作战链条,提出人工智能技术在军事领域的应用方向,探索如何通过人工智能在军事领域的应用“有效塑造态势、管控危机、遏制战争、打赢战争”。
关键词(KeyWords): 态势感知;辅助决策;军事打击;人工智能应用
基金项目(Foundation): 军委科技委基金资助项目
作者(Authors): 李博骁;张峰;李奇峰;郑明心;
参考文献(References):
- [1] 腾讯研究院.人工智能:国家人工智能战略行动抓手[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2017.
- [2] 张智敏,石飞飞,万月亮,等.人工智能在军事对抗中的应用进展[J].工程科学学报,2020,42(9):1106-1118.
- [3] 习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利-在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[R].北京:人民出版社,2017
- [4] 谭铁牛.人工智能的历史、现状和未来[J].求是,2019,737(4):39-46.
- [5] WEBER B,Computer Defeats Kasparov Dtunning the Chess Experts[N].The New York Times,1997-05-05.
- [6] IBM.Builds a smarter plant.(n.d.)[EB/OL].[2020-10-03].https://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/.
- [7] IBM.WATSON is AI for smarter business.(n.d.) [EB/OL].[2020-04-24].https://www.ibm.com/watson.
- [8] SILVER D,HUANG A,MADDISON C J,et al.Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search[J].Nature,2016,529(7587):484-489.
- [9] JIM S.Microsoft acquires Nuance makers of Dragon speech rec for $16 billion.Ars Technica[EB/OL].[2021-04-15].https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/04/microsoft-acquires-naunce-makers-of-dragon-speech-rec-for-16-billion.
- [10] SCANNELL E.Client:IBM dictation software package gives computers a voice[J].Infoworld,1997,19(27):36.
- [11] 李国红,李文宇.人工智能专利初探及知识产权建议[J].电信网技术,2018(1):14.
- [12] Google’s new voice recognition system works instantly and offline(if you have a Pixel).TechCrunch[EB/OL].[2021-08-22].https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/12/googles-new-voice-recognition-system-works-instantly-and-offline-if-you-have-a-pixel/.
- [13] 严忠.人工智能技术在声像档案中的应用[J].电子世界,2020,97(4):207.
- [14] Rekognition Developer Guide.What is Amazon Rekognition[EB/OL].[2021-07-21].https://docs.aws.amazon.com/rekognition/latest/dg/what-is.html.
- [15] Intel.Developing for the Intel RealSense Snapshot[EB/OL].[2021-05-14].https://www.intelrealsense.com.
- [16] 商汤科技.医学图像分析[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.sensetime.com/cn/technology-detail?categoryId=45.
- [17] 阿里云.视觉智能开放平台[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.aliyun.com/document_detail/145017.html.
- [18] 腾讯云.图像分析[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://cloud.tencent.com/product/tiia.
- [19] Momenta[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.momenta.cn.
- [20] Autopilot and Full Self-Driving Capability [EB/OL].[2020-04-26].https://www.tesla.com/support/autopilot.
- [21] 吴帅.无人驾驶技术分析与现存问题[J].中国战略新兴产业,2018(20):61.
- [22] iCarbonX[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.icarbonx.com.
- [23] 天智航.天玑骨科手术机器人[EB/OL].https://cn.tinavi.com/index.php?c=article&a=type&tid=62.
- [24] 万里云.智能诊断[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.wlycloud.com/sics/intelligent_diagnosis.html.
- [25] 清华大学智能产业研究院.科学研究[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://air.tsinghua.edu.cn/research.html.
- [26] 克劳塞维茨.战争论[M].北京:解放军出版社,2005.
- [27] SILVER D,SCHRITTWIESER J,SIMONYAN K,et al.Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge[J].Nature,2017,550(7676):354-359.
- [28] 冯秋燕,朱学芳.人工智能技术在情报工作中的应用研究[J].情报理论与实践,2019,42(11):27-33.
- [29] DARPA.Gremlins[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.darpa.mil/program/gremlins.
- [30] Establishment of an Algorithmic Warfare Cross-Functional Team[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.govexec.com/media/gbc/docs/pdfs_edit/establishment_of_the_awcft_project_maven.pdf.
- [31] 朱丰,胡晓峰,吴琳,等.从态势认知走向态势智能认知[J].系统仿真学报,2018,30(3):761-771.
- [32] 胡荟,庞雪凡.美国情报界《运用机器强化情报计划》探析[J].解放军国际关系学院学报,2019,37(8):37-41.
- [33] DARPA.Insight[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.darpa.mil/program/insight.
- [34] DARPA.Knowledge-directed Artificial Intelligence Reasoning Over Schemas (KAIROS) Proposers Day[EB/OL].[2019-01-09].https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/knowlege-directed-artificial-intelligence-reasoning-over-schemas-proposers-day.
- [35] 张晓海,操新文.基于深度学习的军事辅助决策研究[J].火力与指挥控制,2020,45(3):1-6.
- [36] 金欣.“深绿”及AlphaGo对指挥与控制智能化的启示[J].指挥与控制学报,2016,2(3):202-207.
- [37] DARPA.The Threat Environment:Factors Shaping DARPA’s Investments[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/DARPA-2019-framework.pdf.
- [38] 季自力,王文华.人工智能在作战指挥中的应用[J].军事文摘,2020(9):16-20.
- [39] BAE SYSTEMS.Sea-Air-Space August 2-4,2021[EB/OL].[2021-11-11].https://www.baesystems.com/en-us/event/sas.
- [40] 徐刚峰,张旭荣.人工智能技术在导弹武器装备领域的发展研究[J].战术导弹技术,2019(5):12-17.
- [41] 王彬,李海岩,王玉林.未来空天领域中的人工智能技术展望[J].指挥与控制学报,2020,6(4):349-355.
- [42] DARPA.Collaborative operations in denied environment(CODE)broad agency announcement[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.darpa.mil.
- [43] 袁成.美国国防高级研究计划局“小精灵”项目[J].兵器知识,2016(9):37-39.
- [44] 黄小军.挑战与对抗环境中灵活、敏捷、弹性的通信系统研究[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/35En93oQ3O-0SKmk3GI9Sg.
- [45] DARPA.Radio frequency machine learning system (RFMLS)[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.darpa.mil.
- [46] 高原.美国研发基于人工智能芯片的自主网络攻击系统[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5oFG7yFG_7hABfA.
- [47] DUSTIN F.Harnessing Autonomy for Countering Cyberadversary Systems (HACCS) [EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.darpa.mil/program/harnessing-autonomy-for-countering-cyberadversary-systems.
- [48] DARPA.Lifelong Learning Machines (L2M) Proposers Day[EB/OL].[2021-12-11].https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/lifelong-learning-machines-proposers-day.
- [49] 葛悦涛,任彦.2020年人工智能芯片技术发展综述[J].无人系统技术,2021(2):14-16.